Write a short note on essential fatty acids.

1. 1 · Open in two lines. Essential fatty acids (EFA) are fatty acids the body needs but cannot make, so they must come from food. Humans cannot add double bonds beyond carbon 9.
2. 2 · Draw a small flow chart. [Flow: linoleic (ω-6) → arachidonic → prostaglandins, thromboxanes, leukotrienes; alpha-linolenic (ω-3) → EPA → DHA]
3. 3 · Name the EFA.
   • Linoleic acid (18:2, ω-6) and alpha-linolenic acid (18:3, ω-3): truly essential.
   • Arachidonic acid (20:4, ω-6): semi-essential, made from linoleic.
4. 4 · Functions.
   • Part of membrane phospholipids.
   • Form eicosanoids that control inflammation, clotting and blood pressure.
   • Keep the skin's water barrier.
   • DHA for brain and retina development.
5. 5 · Deficiency. Scaly dermatitis, phrynoderma (toad skin), hair loss, poor wound healing and poor growth in infants.
6. 6 · Significance. A good balance of ω-6 and ω-3 supports heart health and keeps inflammation in check.
7. 7 · Nutrition link. Sources: sunflower, safflower and gingelly oils (ω-6); flaxseed, mustard oil, walnuts, greens and fish (ω-3).
8. 8 · Close in one line. Sum up: two fatty acids we must eat, best got from a mix of oils and ω-3 foods.

Scoring tip: Name both families (ω-6 and ω-3) with one Indian food each; examiners look for that pairing.